ADDIS ABABA – As the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) approaches its 13th anniversary, Ethiopians both domestically and overseas are poised to commemorate this significant milestone. The late Prime Minister Melese Zenawi laid the foundation stone in 2011, marking the start of a project that has since symbolized Ethiopia’s ambition and resilience in the face of longstanding challenges to its development rights over the Abbay River.
According to Ethiopian News Agency, the construction of the GERD has been a source of national pride and unity, transcending ethnic, religious, and ideological differences. Initially projected to take five years, the dam’s completion has been extended to nearly 13 years due to a variety of factors, including external pressures, notably from Egypt, over concerns about water rights and regional hydro-politics. Despite these challenges, Ethiopia has consistently advocated for a cooperative approach to the utilization of the Abbay, a transboundary river, emphasizing the mutual benefits and fair use of its waters among Nile riparian states.
In 2015, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan signed the Declaration of Principles in Khartoum to facilitate cooperation, but subsequent negotiations have been hindered by disagreements, particularly Egypt’s reliance on colonial-era water rights. Nonetheless, Ethiopia has reiterated that the dam’s construction adheres to international conventions and aims to provide essential electricity to over 60% of its population currently reliant on bio-fuels, without intending harm to downstream nations.
Beyond electricity generation, the GERD is seen as a catalyst for regional development, promising opportunities for fishery, ecotourism, and enhanced energy sharing among African nations. This aligns with the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and other initiatives aiming at regional integration and development. The dam, which is set to be the largest hydropower project in Africa with a $5 billion investment, also opens prospects for tourism and investment in the hospitality industry, with 70 islands created in its reservoir.
Ethiopia’s government and its citizens have shown unwavering dedication to overcoming obstacles to complete the dam, which now stands at 95% completion. The project not only reflects Ethiopia’s journey towards self-reliance and economic development but also its potential role in fostering cooperation and development across Africa. As Ethiopia continues to connect its power grid with neighboring countries, the GERD embodies the nation’s determination to achieve prosperity through collective effort and innovation.